RF and Microwave

RF and microwave devices encompass the vast field of wireless communication. Any component capable of operating at RF/microwave frequencies, even if it doesn't explicitly transmit or receive wireless data, is also considered an RF or microwave device.

One large category of RF and microwave devices includes BJTs and MOSFETs. These are specialized transistors for transmitting power efficiently at RF frequencies. An RF BJT/MOSFET is the last stage of a transmitter before the antenna. These transistors are often fabricated from more advanced semiconductor processes than silicon in order to achieve higher performance.

There are many other very important RF devices used as building blocks for the larger RF system. Attenuators reduce the input power by a specific amount. Mixers provide multiplication of carrier and baseband signal inputs. RF amplifiers boost power for a narrowband frequency range. RF diodes can be used for envelope detection or can function as a low-quality mixer.

Parts that implement systems using 802.11, Bluetooth, GPS, and other wireless protocols are also considered to be under the RF and microwave category. These complex devices integrate the RF frontend, baseband processing/filtering, and digital backend needed for complete system implementation. For example, an 802.11 wireless LAN part has dozens of basic RF components such as mixers, tuners and amplifying transistors.

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